HbA1c Blood Test UK Guide: What Your Results Mean and How to Lower Them
The HbA1c blood test is one of the most reliable ways to measure your average blood sugar levels over the past 8–12 weeks. Unlike daily glucose checks, it provides a long-term view of your body’s ability to manage glucose. It is primarily used to detect diabetes and pre-diabetes.
At Optimum Health Screening, all our health checks include an HbA1c test as standard, giving you insight into your long-term blood sugar health.
What is HbA1c?
HbA1c stands for glycated haemoglobin, which is haemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen) bound to glucose. The test measures the percentage of haemoglobin with glucose attached, reflecting your average blood sugar levels over the lifespan (120 days) of your red blood cells.
Because it provides a long-term picture, the HbA1c test is considered more reliable than single blood sugar readings for identifying abnormal glucose control.
HbA1c Results and Their Meaning
HbA1c Results and Their Meaning
Your HbA1c result is shown as both a percentage (%) and in millimoles per mole (mmol/mol).
Normal: Below 42 mmol/mol (below 6.0%) – healthy blood sugar control.
Pre-diabetes: 42 to 47 mmol/mol (6.0–6.4%) – increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes: 48 mmol/mol or higher (6.5% or above) – indicates diabetes
Non-diabetic hyperglycaemia refers to higher-than-normal blood sugar levels that are not yet in the diabetic range, essentially pre-diabetes. Early detection through an HbA1c test allows you to take action before the condition progresses.
Hypoglycaemia, or low blood sugar, can also occur in people with diabetes or in rare metabolic conditions, causing symptoms like dizziness, shaking, sweating, palpitations, confusion, and sudden hunger.
How Often Should You Have an HbA1c Test?
Healthy adults: once a year as part of a routine blood sugar test
Pre-diabetes: every 3–6 months
Diabetes: every 3 months
Pregnancy: HbA1c is not used, as glucose metabolism changes; alternative testing is recommended
Preparing for the HbA1c Test
No fasting or special preparation is required. You can eat and drink normally before the test, making it convenient and easy to fit into any health check.
How the Blood is Collected
A small blood sample is taken, usually from a vein in your arm using standard venepuncture. The sample is then analysed in a laboratory to measure your HbA1c levels. At Optimum Health Screening, our trained clinicians ensure this process is quick, comfortable, and safe.
Symptoms of High and Low Blood Sugar
High Blood Sugar (Hyperglycaemia)
Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow-healing cuts or infections
Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycaemia)
Shaking or trembling
Sweating
Dizziness or confusion
Palpitations
Sudden hunger
Recognising these symptoms early is important for maintaining healthy HbA1c levels and overall metabolic health.
How to Lower Your HbA1c Naturally
If your HbA1c levels are elevated, lifestyle changes can make a significant difference:
Balanced diet: Focus on vegetables, whole grains, lean protein, and healthy fats
Reduce sugary foods and drinks
Regular exercise: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week
Maintain a healthy weight
Manage stress and sleep well
Quit smoking
Even small improvements in diet, activity, and weight can reduce your HbA1c, lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Take Control of Your Blood Sugar Health
Regular HbA1c testing is one of the most effective ways to understand and manage your long-term blood sugar levels. At Optimum Health Screening, all health checks include an HbA1c test as standard, so you can get a clear picture of your metabolic health and take proactive steps to stay well.
